The Hyacinth Macaw is a South American bird, almost exclusively Brazilian, and can be found in three regions (1) the Pantanal (Mato Grosso do Sul state, Mato Grosso state, Bolivia and Paraguay) (2) North (Pará state) and (3) Goiás, Tocantins, Maranhão, Bahia, Minas Gerais and Piauí, but currently the largest population is to be found in the Pantanal region.

In the 1980s, the situation of the Hyacinth Macaw in the wild was assessed as critical with an extremely small population of some 2,500 individuals.  The species was included in the IUCN Red Data Book (Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature), in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), an international organisation that controls the trafficking of fauna and flora threatened with extinction, and the Official List of Endangered Brazilian Fauna Species.

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